Ray Sallan, DDS

Ray Sallan, DDS

Science and Technology Associate, Oral and Dental Biology

Okinawa Sand

My primary interest is to understand the evolution of teeth but not only from the viewpoint of basic, natural science but also in terms of unlocking potential medical applications. In my previous work as a dental professional, I have focused exclusively on the diagnostic, surgical, and clinical treatment aspects of my profession. Joining OIST as a Science and Technology Associate in the spring of 2023 positioned me to explore scientific questions that I have accumulated throughout my career, leveraging my experience as a clinician, surgeon, and biologist to investigate topics such as natural tooth replacement and jaw and tooth coevolution.

I earned a Doctor of Dental Surgery degree (DDS) from New York University College of Dentistry (2002-2006). My graduate school focus was to understand the epidemiology of oral disease from a public health perspective. This education provided an opportunity to study the effects of disease on populations and the importance of looking at entire groups versus individual patients. Following that, I completed an Advanced Education in General Dentistry (AEGD) residency at Nova Southeastern University (2006-2007) where I studied the surgical and bone biointegration aspects of restorative dentistry. From 2007 to 2022, I practiced in both corporate and private settings as a dental clinician. In 2023, I joined OIST as a Science and Technology Associate to pursue research full-time.

 

NHK footage

Current project

Life-long tooth replacement (polyphyodonty) is thought to be the ancestral state for vertebrates and is retained in nearly all species outside of mammals. However, the rate of tooth replacement remains unknown for most. The extent of individual and species-level variation, and the influence of external damage on rates, is also unknown. This is due to a lack of in vivo, temporal data, which clouds past work that focused only on preserved specimens. My current work examines sources of variation in the rate of tooth replacement in fishes over time using in vivo dental data from two ecologically similar but evolutionarily distant and distinct fish species, snakehead (Channa sp.; Teleostei) and bichir (Polypterus sp.; Polypteriformes).  We use our newly developed and tested impression (or molding) method (Wibisana, Sallan, 2024) to collect and image sequential dental records. In addition to recording baseline tooth loss, damage and replacement rates, we can induce different degrees of wear by varying food hardness to test effects of external damage on replacement rates.

Polypterus tooth
Impression and confocal image of Polypterus Teeth.

Previous work at OIST

We designed, implemented, and tested a new method for capturing dental information from small vertebrates. While similar in vivo research has been conducted on primates and larger mammals, applying human dental techniques to smaller animals presents many challenges. In addition to providing a template for other researchers, this new method eliminates the need to sacrifice the animal, which is the common practice for extracting dental information. It will be utilized in our current tooth replacement experiment to monitor dental changes and replacement rates in living fish.

(Submitted, in review)

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.11.21.567763v3.abstract

Modifiable clinical dental impression methods to obtain whole-mouth and detailed dental traits from non-livestock vertebrates
 

Highlights:
 

Methodspaper
Methodspaper
Methodspaper

Method sequence to analyze surfaces of individual teeth. Sagittal cuts are made to expose facial and lingual aspects of teeth to prepare for microscope analysis. 

NHK footage

                                                                   This paper was highlighted in an NHK program in Nov 2023