(A) Axon and presynaptic terminal. (B) Synaptic transmission. Fig 1 (A) Axon and presynaptic terminal. (B) Synaptic transmission. The thick filament “microtubules” (MTs) made of tubulin polymers and the thin filament “F-actin” made of actin polymers are important cytoskeletal elements supporting cell structures and functions. However, it remains unknown what role cytoskeletal proteins play in the neurotransmission process. In neurons, MTs are expressed in axons (Fig 1A) and serve as rails for transporting molecules and organelles between cell bodies and presynaptic terminals. In contrast, F-actin is expressed exclusively in presynaptic terminals. Presynaptic terminals contain “synaptic” vesicles (SVs) filled with neurotransmitter. When the electrical signal “action potentials” (APs) reach presynaptic terminals, SVs docked on the release sites fuse into terminal membrane, thereby releasing transmitters via exocytosis (Fig 1B). At the excitatory synapse, transmitter glutamate is released from SVs. Glutamate diffuses and binds to postsynaptic glutamate receptors and produces the postsynaptic response “EPSP”. When the EPSP size exceeds a threshold, APs are generated and propagate toward the axon terminal of postsynaptic neuron. Fig 1 (A) Axon and presynaptic terminal. (B) Synaptic transmission. The thick filament “microtubules” (MTs) made of tubulin polymers and the thin filament “F-actin” made of actin polymers are important cytoskeletal elements supporting cell structures and functions. However, it remains unknown what role cytoskeletal proteins play in the neurotransmission process. In neurons, MTs are expressed in axons (Fig 1A) and serve as rails for transporting molecules and organelles between cell bodies and presynaptic terminals. In contrast, F-actin is expressed exclusively in presynaptic terminals. Presynaptic terminals contain “synaptic” vesicles (SVs) filled with neurotransmitter. When the electrical signal “action potentials” (APs) reach presynaptic terminals, SVs docked on the release sites fuse into terminal membrane, thereby releasing transmitters via exocytosis (Fig 1B). At the excitatory synapse, transmitter glutamate is released from SVs. Glutamate diffuses and binds to postsynaptic glutamate receptors and produces the postsynaptic response “EPSP”. When the EPSP size exceeds a threshold, APs are generated and propagate toward the axon terminal of postsynaptic neuron. Date: 25 December 2019 Copyright OIST (Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 沖縄科学技術大学院大学). Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Download full-resolution image Tags Research Share on: Related Images Professor Masai and Dr. Nishiwaki Dr. Camille Parmesan Speaking in B250 on 27 May 2013 Figure 1. Relationship between corals and Symbiodinium in the supergroups of eukaryotes The Marine Genomics Unit of OIST has decoded the genome of the algae Symbiodinium minutum. The paper was published in the online version of Current Biology on July 11. This is a major advance in understanding the complex ecology of coral reefs. Figure 2. A symbiotic relationship between corals and Symbiodinium The Marine Genomics Unit of OIST has decoded the genome of the algae Symbiodinium minutum. The paper was published in the online version of Current Biology on July 11. This is a major advance in understanding the complex ecology of coral reefs. Winkler Bags Winkler bags are being hung to dry leaf litter. On this trip, bags were hung for 72 hours to dry.
Figure 1. Relationship between corals and Symbiodinium in the supergroups of eukaryotes The Marine Genomics Unit of OIST has decoded the genome of the algae Symbiodinium minutum. The paper was published in the online version of Current Biology on July 11. This is a major advance in understanding the complex ecology of coral reefs.
Figure 1. Relationship between corals and Symbiodinium in the supergroups of eukaryotes The Marine Genomics Unit of OIST has decoded the genome of the algae Symbiodinium minutum. The paper was published in the online version of Current Biology on July 11. This is a major advance in understanding the complex ecology of coral reefs.
Figure 2. A symbiotic relationship between corals and Symbiodinium The Marine Genomics Unit of OIST has decoded the genome of the algae Symbiodinium minutum. The paper was published in the online version of Current Biology on July 11. This is a major advance in understanding the complex ecology of coral reefs.
Figure 2. A symbiotic relationship between corals and Symbiodinium The Marine Genomics Unit of OIST has decoded the genome of the algae Symbiodinium minutum. The paper was published in the online version of Current Biology on July 11. This is a major advance in understanding the complex ecology of coral reefs.
Winkler Bags Winkler bags are being hung to dry leaf litter. On this trip, bags were hung for 72 hours to dry.
Winkler Bags Winkler bags are being hung to dry leaf litter. On this trip, bags were hung for 72 hours to dry.